CJFST.2016.8.2.09

Application of whey protein isolates and zein for the formulation of alginate-based delivery systems encapsulating Ganoderma lucidum polyphenols

Arijana Bušić1, Ana Belščak-Cvitanović1, Y. Wang2, Aleksandra Vojvodić1, S. Karlović1,
I.
Špoljarić3, G. Mršić3, Petra Veršec1, Jasmina Vučilovski1, Draženka Komes1*

 

1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Science Park, Nanshan District, 518000 Shenzhen, China
3
Forensic Science Centre “Ivan Vučetić” Zagreb; Forensic Science Office, University of Zagreb, Ilica 335, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia

original scientific paper
DOI: 10.17508/CJFST.2016.8.2.09

Summary

Due to the rich phytochemical composition of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, especially its ß-glucan-based polysaccharides and triterpenes, but polyphenols, amino acids, and proteins as well, Ganoderma is often used in various nutraceutical and functional food products. Lately these products have been formulated with microencapsulated forms of active compounds in order to prevent their degradation after oral consumption and under processing conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize and encapsulate polyphenols from the aqueous extract of Ganoderma, using ionic gelation of alginate (A) and its combination with whey protein isolates (WPI) and zein (Z). The obtained hydrogel beads were scanned for physico-chemical and morphological properties, encapsulation efficiency of polyphenols, and their release kinetics in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The addition of WPI to the alginate resulted in the reduction of the particle size and the spherical shape of the beads, while beads formulated with zein were characterized as larger, with irregular morphology. Encapsulation efficiency of total polyphenols has been determined as follows: 76.91% (A-WPI) < 83.91% (A) < 85.42% (A-Z). The most extended release of polyphenols in simulated gastrointestinal fluids has been achieved by employing WPI in the alginate delivery system. The implementation of additional coatings resulted in the enhanced properties of plain alginate carrier, where alginate-based hydrogels immobilizing Ganoderma polyphenols proved to be potential functional ingredients.

Keywords: alginate, Ganoderma lucidum polyphenols, ionic gelation, whey protein isolates, zein

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